Societal costs of exposure to toxic substances: economic and health costs of four case studies that are candidates for environmental causation.
Identifieur interne : 003107 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003106; suivant : 003108Societal costs of exposure to toxic substances: economic and health costs of four case studies that are candidates for environmental causation.
Auteurs : T. Muir ; M. ZegaracSource :
- Environmental Health Perspectives [ 0091-6765 ] ; 2001.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Canada, États-Unis.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Canada, Child, Cost of Illness, Developmental Disabilities (economics), Developmental Disabilities (etiology), Environmental Health (economics), Environmental Pollutants (adverse effects), Environmental Pollutants (economics), Epidemiologic Studies, Health Care Costs (statistics & numerical data), Humans, Hypothyroidism (economics), Hypothyroidism (etiology), Parkinson Disease (economics), Parkinson Disease (etiology), Public Health (economics), Social Conditions, United States.
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Environmental Pollutants.
- chemical , economics : Environmental Pollutants.
- geographic : Canada, United States.
- economics : Developmental Disabilities, Environmental Health, Hypothyroidism, Parkinson Disease, Public Health.
- etiology : Developmental Disabilities, Hypothyroidism, Parkinson Disease.
- statistics & numerical data : Health Care Costs.
- Child, Cost of Illness, Epidemiologic Studies, Humans, Social Conditions.
Abstract
Four outcomes that evidence suggests are candidates for "environmental causation" were chosen for analysis: diabetes, Parkinson's disease (PD), neurodevelopmental effects and hypothyroidism, and deficits in intelligence quotient (IQ). These are an enormous burden in the United States, Canada, and other industrial countries. We review findings on actual social and economic costs, construct estimates of some of the costs from pertinent sources, and provide several hypothetical examples consistent with published evidence. Many detailed costs are estimated, but these are fragmented and missing in coverage and jurisdiction. Nonetheless, the cumulative costs identified are very large, totaling $568 billion to $793 billion per year for Canada and the United States combined. Partial Canadian costs alone are $46 billion to $52 billion per year. Specifics include diabetes (United States and Canada), $128 billion per year; PD in the United States, $13 billion to $28.5 billion per year; neurodevelopmental deficits and hypothryoidism are endemic and, including estimates of costs of childhood disorders that evidence suggests are linked, amount to $81.5 billion to $167 billion per year for the United States and $2 billion per year in Ontario; loss of 5 IQ points cost $30 billion per year in Canada and $275 billion to $326 billion per year in the United States; and hypothetical dynamic economic impacts cost another $19 billion to $92 billion per year for the United States and Canada combined. Reasoned arguments based on the weight of evidence can support the hypothesis that at least 10%, up to 50% of these costs are environmentally induced--between $57 billion and $397 billion per year.
Url:
PubMed: 11744507
PubMed Central: 1240624
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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Muir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zegarac, M" sort="Zegarac, M" uniqKey="Zegarac M" first="M" last="Zegarac">M. Zegarac</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental Health Perspectives</title><idno type="ISSN">0091-6765</idno><imprint><date when="2001">2001</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada</term><term>Child</term><term>Cost of Illness</term><term>Developmental Disabilities (economics)</term><term>Developmental Disabilities (etiology)</term><term>Environmental Health (economics)</term><term>Environmental Pollutants (adverse effects)</term><term>Environmental Pollutants (economics)</term><term>Epidemiologic Studies</term><term>Health Care Costs (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hypothyroidism (economics)</term><term>Hypothyroidism (etiology)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (economics)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (etiology)</term><term>Public Health (economics)</term><term>Social Conditions</term><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Environmental Pollutants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Environmental Pollutants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada</term><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Developmental Disabilities</term><term>Environmental Health</term><term>Hypothyroidism</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term><term>Public Health</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Developmental Disabilities</term><term>Hypothyroidism</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Health Care Costs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Child</term><term>Cost of Illness</term><term>Epidemiologic Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Social Conditions</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada</term><term>États-Unis</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Four outcomes that evidence suggests are candidates for "environmental causation" were chosen for analysis: diabetes, Parkinson's disease (PD), neurodevelopmental effects and hypothyroidism, and deficits in intelligence quotient (IQ). These are an enormous burden in the United States, Canada, and other industrial countries. We review findings on actual social and economic costs, construct estimates of some of the costs from pertinent sources, and provide several hypothetical examples consistent with published evidence. Many detailed costs are estimated, but these are fragmented and missing in coverage and jurisdiction. Nonetheless, the cumulative costs identified are very large, totaling $568 billion to $793 billion per year for Canada and the United States combined. Partial Canadian costs alone are $46 billion to $52 billion per year. Specifics include diabetes (United States and Canada), $128 billion per year; PD in the United States, $13 billion to $28.5 billion per year; neurodevelopmental deficits and hypothryoidism are endemic and, including estimates of costs of childhood disorders that evidence suggests are linked, amount to $81.5 billion to $167 billion per year for the United States and $2 billion per year in Ontario; loss of 5 IQ points cost $30 billion per year in Canada and $275 billion to $326 billion per year in the United States; and hypothetical dynamic economic impacts cost another $19 billion to $92 billion per year for the United States and Canada combined. Reasoned arguments based on the weight of evidence can support the hypothesis that at least 10%, up to 50% of these costs are environmentally induced--between $57 billion and $397 billion per year.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Muir, T" sort="Muir, T" uniqKey="Muir T" first="T" last="Muir">T. Muir</name><name sortKey="Zegarac, M" sort="Zegarac, M" uniqKey="Zegarac M" first="M" last="Zegarac">M. Zegarac</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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